Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office
As a dentist, you are uniquely positioned to provide care for patients during a dental emergency. By being prepared with the right training, medications, and equipment, you can help ensure that your patients receive the best possible care in the event of an emergency.
This post is intended to provide information about the training, basic and critical medications, and equipment required for dentists and their staff to deal with the most common typical and anticipated acute medical emergencies in a practice.
How to be prepared for dental practice emergencies: training, essential medications, and equipment
Acute medical emergencies are very common in the dental office. Dentists and their staff must be able to respond promptly to any emergency, such as calling for help and having the equipment, medications, and emergency kit needed to deal with any emergency. This can make the difference between successful emergency management and failure within your practice.
Emergency Medications State Regulations
It is important to know that each state is responsible for issuing regulations and laws regarding dental office emergency requirements.
Certain guidelines are issued by the American Dental Association (ADA) as recommendations and best practices for dentists in the US. It is important to mention that you must check your own state dental regulations to find out what is required in your state.
What training is required to be prepared for dental emergencies?
Dental emergencies can occur at any time, and it is important for dentists to be prepared to handle them. The first step in being prepared is to have the proper training. There are many different types of dental emergencies, and each one requires a different approach.
A dental team approach, with staff members that have current certification in basic life support (BLS) for health care providers and the dentist, is required and foundational in preparing your practice for emergencies.
The most common acute dental emergencies a dentist may face.
The National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI) states that syncope is the most frequent medical emergency seen by dentists in the United States and Canada, which is estimated to be 50% of all emergencies a dentist may face, according to studies. Aside from fainting, mild allergic reactions account for 8% of all emergency cases. Additionally, angina pectoris/heart attack, cardiac arrest, postural hypotension (low blood pressure), seizures, bronchospasms, and diabetic emergencies are common among other medical issues.
To ensure the best possible outcome, the dentist will evaluate and provide treatment according to each individual patient’s situation. Preparation, prevention, as well as management are all fundamental steps of this process. An effective way to avoid unexpected dental issues is by taking a comprehensive medical history and making the necessary alterations in oral hygiene. Providing the brain and heart with adequate oxygen is paramount in most medical circumstances encountered at a dental clinic. Therefore, ensuring that oxygenated blood reaches these key organs during a medical emergency is an absolute necessity. This aligns with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which necessitates the dentist and their team to be skillful. With CPR training, you will be fully prepared to approach and treat the majority of medical emergencies with skill. This includes an initial examination followed by the administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if needed in order to ensure that the airway, breathing, and circulation are all functioning properly.
What medications are critical for managing dental emergencies?
The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends that all dentists maintain a comprehensive dental emergency kit in order to effectively manage emergency situations.
This should include a range of emergency drugs, including both over-the-counter and prescription medications, as well as basic medical supplies such as bandages and antiseptics. The following medications are the seven essential medications recommended for emergency dental care by the ADA:
Epinephrine
Epinephrine, more commonly known as adrenaline, is a hormone and neurotransmitter that plays an important role in emergency planning. It is used to treat severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) caused by food allergies, insect bites or stings, medications, latex, and other triggers. Epinephrine works quickly to reverse the symptoms of anaphylaxis, including narrowing of the airways, hives, and swelling of the tongue, lips, or face. It can also help raise a person’s blood pressure if it drops too low and reduces their heart rate if it becomes dangerously fast. Epinephrine can be administered either via an auto-injector (such as an EpiPen) or through an injection given by a healthcare professional. Emergency preparation is essential for those with severe allergies; having access to epinephrine in emergency situations can save lives.
Albuterol
The albuterol inhaler is a fast-acting bronchodilator used as an emergency treatment for acute asthma attacks, exercise-induced bronchospasm, and other serious breathing disorders. It helps open the airways in the lungs by relaxing muscles to allow more oxygen into the lungs. The Albuterol inhaler is also important to have on hand as part of an emergency preparedness plan, as it can be used to quickly treat a sudden asthma attack. Inhalers and nebulizers are both available forms of albuterol. It is important to use according to the prescribed dosage so that the best results are achieved. The albuterol inhaler has short-term effects including improved breathing, better air circulation, and improved asthma symptoms, while long-term use can help reduce the severity and frequency of asthma attacks. This makes the albuterol inhaler an essential tool in emergency planning for those at risk of acute breathing problems.
Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine is an emergency drug that is used as an antihistamine to treat symptoms associated with allergies, colds, and hay fever. It works by blocking the effects of a natural chemical in the body called histamine, thereby reducing symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itching, and watery eyes. By keeping emergency supplies of diphenhydramine on hand, people can be prepared to quickly reduce symptoms from a variety of potential allergic reactions. Diphenhydramine is often used quite effectively for the treatment of insect bites and stings as well.
Aspirin
Aspirin is an emergency oral drug used to reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. It belongs to the group of drugs called Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Aspirin can be used in emergency treatment for mild to moderate pain, such as headache, toothache, and muscle pains. It can also be used to reduce fever and is sometimes recommended for long-term treatment of certain types of pain and inflammation. Aspirin works by blocking the production of certain chemicals in the body that causes inflammation and pain. It is available in a tablet, capsule, or liquid form, so it can be easily taken orally. Aspirin can have side effects, so it should be used only as recommended by a doctor. Aspirin is an emergency drug that can help reduce pain and inflammation when taken correctly.
Nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin is a medication used to treat Angina, or chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart. It comes in two forms: nitroglycerin tablets and nitroglycerin spray. The oral nitroglycerin sublingual tablet is typically taken 3-4 times per day on an empty stomach, while the spray should be administered at the first sign of chest pain. Typically dentists that treat geriatric patients will keep nitroglycerin spray in their emergency kit due to the ease of swallowing the spray versus an oral tablet. Nitroglycerin tablets and spray work by dilating blood vessels and improving the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart, thus reducing chest pain. It’s important to note that nitroglycerin should not be taken more than three times within 15 minutes as this may lead to a reduction in blood pressure and fainting.
Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar found in most carbohydrates and is used by the body as an energy source. It can also be taken orally as oral glucose gel, which helps to rapidly raise blood glucose levels in cases of hypoglycemia or low blood sugar. When taken at the first sign of symptoms, oral glucose gel can help quickly restore the body to a healthy glucose level and prevent further complications. Hypoglycemia is one of the most common medical emergencies, so oral glucose gel is an important tool to have on hand in case of sudden drops in blood sugar levels. Oral glucose gel is a safe, quick-acting treatment that can help prevent serious health complications due to hypoglycemia.
Ammonia
Ammonia inhalants also called ammonia capsules, are a medication used to treat fainting episodes caused by an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood. They work by releasing ammonia gas into the air which is then breathed in, increasing oxygen levels and restoring consciousness. Ammonia inhalants have been used for many years and are considered safe when used as directed. They are also effective in relieving other symptoms associated with fainting or syncope, such as nausea and dizziness. The active ingredient in most ammonia inhalants is ammonia sulfate, which can be found in various concentrations depending on the brand name. Ammonia inhalants should not be used if you have asthma, a respiratory condition, or other medical conditions.
Naloxone
In light of the increasing opioid addiction crisis, dentists are now advised to keep naloxone on hand as an emergency drug. Naloxone often referred to as Narcan, is an opioid antagonist used for the reversal of opioid overdose. It works by blocking the action of opioids in the body, rapidly reversing its effects. Naloxone can be administered intravenously (IV), intramuscularly (IM), or through a naloxone nasal spray. It is a safe and effective treatment that can reverse the effects of opioid overdose, allowing the patient to regain consciousness and breathe normally. Naloxone is often used in combination with other treatments, such as oxygen therapy or nalbuphine administration, to treat opioid overdose. In some cases, naloxone may be used as part of a long-term treatment strategy to reduce the risk of relapse and opioid misuse. Naloxone is an important medication that should always be kept on hand, as it can save lives in an emergency situation.
Dental Emergency Medical Kit
Most dental offices struggle to maintain both their Emergency Medications and their Dental Emergency Medical Kit due to the limited shelf life of prescription medications in their emergency kits.
Missing or expired emergency drugs create potential liability for your practice in the event of an emergency or audit. If you’re interested in providing patient-focused healthfirst emergency medical kits to your practice, our Protect It Dental emergency kits are designed for you.
Buy a new dental emergency kit or allow us to take over your existing Kit and never worry about expiration dates on your emergency medications again. Our Kits are designed to bring order and calm to a chaotic situation. Each dental emergency kit includes the seven essential medications and is consistent with ADA and JADA recommended guidelines. Choose a dental emergency kit from our six kits based on your practice profile and let us manage expiration dates from there to keep your practice compliant and safe.
What emergency equipment or supplies are necessary for managing dental emergencies?
For general dentists and oral surgeons to provide top-notch treatment and care for unexpected or emergency situations, it is essential that they maintain an adequate stockpile of supplies and an emergency medical kit.
Here is a comprehensive list of crucial items which should always be available in the dental office:
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a medical device used to treat sudden cardiac arrest. It uses electrical shocks, known as defibrillation, to restore the normal rhythm of the heart by sending electrical impulses directly to the heart muscle. A sudden disruption of the heart’s normal rhythm can lead to sudden cardiac arrest, which is potentially fatal. By delivering these electrical impulses, an AED can help restore a normal heart rhythm and save the life of someone suffering sudden cardiac arrest. AEDs are typically found in places such as schools, workplaces, airports, public buildings, and hospitals. They are also becoming more widely available to the general public with some communities offering access to publicly-available AEDs. AEDs are very easy to use and can be used by members of the public with minimal training. They provide a critical tool for anyone attempting to save the life of someone suffering sudden cardiac arrest.
The American Heart Association recommends that all sudden cardiac arrest victims should receive immediate CPR, but also suggests using an AED whenever one is available and the victim is unresponsive. A sudden cardiac arrest can happen to anyone, at any time, so having an AED nearby can be vital in saving someone’s life. With current technology making AEDs increasingly more accessible, they are becoming part of our everyday lives and are a critical tool in saving the lives of those suffering sudden cardiac arrest.
Oxygen
Oxygen is a vital component for providing medical support during an emergency. It is especially important in dental offices, as these environments require specific preparation to handle medical emergencies. Oxygen plays a significant role when it comes to treating conditions such as shock, heart attack, or stroke. It is also necessary for supporting respiration should the patient experience difficulty in breathing or if they stop breathing altogether. Oxygen is often used as part of a resuscitation procedure, and it can help stabilize an individual’s condition until medical assistance arrives. Therefore, a dental practice must be prepared to provide oxygen, if necessary, during a medical emergency. Having the correct emergency kits and equipment on hand ensures that patients receive the attention they need and can help save lives.
Resuscitator
A resuscitator is a device used to provide emergency oxygen during medical or dental emergencies. It is an important tool for providing respiratory support, especially during cardiopulmonary arrest and other serious conditions. In the case of dental emergencies such as choking, it can be used to help clear the airways and deliver oxygen directly to the patient. Additionally, the Ambu Resuscitator can be used to deliver medications such as epinephrine in a timely manner, which can help restore normal breathing and circulation. An Ambu Resuscitator is an essential tool for providing quick and effective treatment during dental emergencies.
Nonrebreather Mask
A nonrebreather mask is a device used to provide oxygen therapy in emergency situations. It is designed to cover the mouth and nose while delivering an oxygen flow rate of between 15-60 liters per minute. During certain dental emergencies, it can be beneficial for the patient to use a nonrebreather mask as it increases oxygen intake and helps to reduce the risk of complications due to hypoxia. The nonrebreather mask also acts as a barrier for any potentially hazardous materials in the environment, such as saliva or blood. In addition, its adjustable straps offer a secure fit, making it suitable for both adults and children. By providing a steady stream of oxygen and protecting the patient from potential hazards, a nonrebreather mask is an invaluable tool during certain dental emergencies.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a small tube that connects to an oxygen source and fits around the patient’s nose. It delivers supplemental oxygen at low flow rates, providing an effective way for delivering oxygen during dental emergencies. This is especially important in cases where there is difficulty breathing, or if the patient has suffered from severe trauma or shock, as additional oxygen may be needed to improve their condition. In addition, a nasal cannula can help reduce the risk of infection by providing an unobstructed airway and avoiding mouth breathing or suctioning that could introduce bacteria into the lungs. As such, it is a valuable tool in emergency dental care.
Overall, the use of a nasal cannula can help ensure that the patient receives adequate oxygen during dental emergencies, and reduce their risk of further complications. It is essential to have this equipment readily available in a dental facility to provide optimal care in these situations.
Pulse Oximeter
A pulse oximeter is an important device used to measure the saturation of oxygen in a patient’s blood. This can be especially useful during dental emergencies, as it allows dentists to quickly assess a patient’s condition and monitor any changes over time. The benefits of using a pulse oximeter include being able to determine if there is any hypoxia, which can be life-threatening. Additionally, it helps dentists establish if a patient is suffering from severe pain and how much anesthetic should be administered to alleviate the symptoms. Finally, it enables dentists to assess whether any postoperative complications have arisen that require treatment or further investigation. In summary, pulse oximeters are essential tools in helping dentists deliver the best possible care to their patients in emergency situations.
Stethoscope
A stethoscope is an essential tool for dentists to use during certain dental emergencies. The instrument allows the dentist to assess a patient’s heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure, which can provide vital clues if there is an issue with their overall health. It also helps the dentist identify any underlying medical conditions that may be causing or contributing to the dental emergency. In addition, the stethoscope helps to detect infection and allows dentists to differentiate between simple and more serious irregularities in heart sounds or breathing patterns. These features make it an invaluable tool during a wide range of dental emergencies.
Blood Pressure Cuff
A blood pressure cuff is an important tool for monitoring and regulating a patient’s vital signs during certain dental emergencies. Taking and measuring the patient’s systolic, diastolic, and pulse rate, allows the dentist to assess their risk level and provide appropriate treatment accordingly. In cases of shock or other medical distress, the blood pressure cuff can provide vital information to help ensure the patient’s safety and well-being. It can also provide a baseline measure of health over time, helping the dentist determine if a patient is able to safely continue dental treatment. Overall, the use of a blood pressure cuff is essential for the successful management of serious dental emergencies.
Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office Conclusion
In conclusion, preparedness is critical in the event of a medical emergency occurring at a dental practice. Having an emergency kit stocked with necessary supplies and medications, appropriate training for staff so they know what to do and how to respond quickly and appropriately, as well as having protocols established are all vital components when it comes to being prepared. Emergencies can happen at any time and being prepared with the necessary resources can help to ensure the safety of patients and staff, as well as maintain a high level of patient care. It is important that dentists review emergency preparedness plans on a regular basis to keep them updated and relevant. With the right preparedness measures in place, dental practices are able to respond to medical emergencies in a fast and efficient manner.
At Protect It Dental, we are dedicated to helping dentists get and stay prepared for emergencies in their practice. We supply new, top-quality Emergency Medications, Emergency Medical Kits, Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs), and other Emergency Supplies and Accessories at affordable prices to dental practices throughout North America.
